Free Quize

Correct Answer: A) The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Rationale:

Pulse pressure = Systolic BP – Diastolic BP. It indicates the force the heart generates with each contraction.

MAP= DBP+1/3PP

CPP= MAP-ICP

MAP- Mean Arterial Pressure= 93.33mmHg

CPP-Cerebral Perfusion Pressure= 83.33mmHg

ICP- Intracranial Pressure=5-15mmHg

📘 Ref: Potter & Perry, Fundamentals of Nursing

Correct Answer: C) Both A) and B)
Rationale: Promoting independence and exercising preserves joint mobility and prevents complications like contractures.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing

Correct Answer: C) Providing psychological support through CBT
Rationale: Nurses do not prescribe drugs; instead, they offer support, encourage therapies, and monitor progress.
📘 Ref: Townsend, Psychiatric Nursing

Correct Answer: D) Drug associated toxicity
Rationale: Drug toxicity is an adverse drug effect, not an infection. Others are nosocomial infections.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: A) Drug reaction
Rationale: Bedsores result from immobility, pressure, and poor circulation—not drug reactions.
📘 Ref: Kozier & Erb’s Nursing Fundamentals

Correct Answer: A) Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is mainly extracellular. Potassium, phosphate, and magnesium are intracellular.
📘 Ref: Potter & Perry

Correct Answer: C) Diarrhoea
Rationale: Diarrhoea leads to fluid loss (hypovolemia), not retention.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: A) Errors related to wrong dosage and infusion rate
Rationale: Dosage and rate errors are the most frequent in IV drug administration.
📘 Ref: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice

Correct Answer: A) Prescribing
Rationale: Most errors originate at the prescription stage and propagate through the system.
📘 Ref: NANDA and WHO Medication Error Report

Correct Answer: B) Sinus rhythm
Rationale: Sinus rhythm refers to the normal rhythm originating in the SA node.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: B) To monitor progress and detect adverse event
Rationale: Vital signs help in identifying clinical deterioration early.
📘 Ref: Potter & Perry

Correct Answer: B) 99.5°F
Rationale: Oral temp above 99.5°F is considered febrile.
📘 Ref: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice

Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Rationale: Weight, exam, and I/O charting all contribute to assessing hydration status.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: A) A Voice to Lead – Invest in Nursing and respect rights to secure global health
Rationale: This was the official ICN theme for 2022.
📘 Ref: ICN Official Website

Correct Answer: B) Florence Nightingale's birth
Rationale: Celebrated on May 12, her birthday, the founder of modern nursing.
📘 Ref: Nursing History

Correct Answer: C) Vocational
Rationale: WHO defines health as physical, mental, and social well-being.
📘 Ref: WHO Constitution

Correct Answer: D) Type 1 Diabetes
Rationale: Type 1 is autoimmune; others are strongly lifestyle-linked.
📘 Ref: Park’s Preventive and Social Medicine

Correct Answer: D) All of these
Rationale: All these are within nursing scope to promote wellness.
📘 Ref: KK Gulani, Community Health Nursing

Correct Answer: C) Kidney function
Rationale: Urinary output is a primary sign of renal perfusion and function.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Rationale: All parameters are vital in evaluating fluid status.
📘 Ref: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice

Correct Answer: B) Perineal care after childbirth
Rationale: High risk of infection and exposure to body fluids.
📘 Ref: Infection Control Guidelines, MoHFW

Correct Answer: A) 0.5–1.5 ml/kg/hr
Rationale: This is the accepted range for adequate renal perfusion.
📘 Ref: Brunner & Suddarth

Correct Answer: C) Saturated fats
Rationale: Saturated fats raise LDL and increase heart disease risk.
📘 Ref: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine

Correct Answer: C) 300 ml
Rationale: Millilitres are standard nursing measurement for output.
📘 Ref: Potter & Perry

Correct Answer: D) Iron
Rationale: Iron-deficiency anemia is widespread, especially among women.
📘 Ref: NFHS-5, Park’s PSM

Correct Answer: A) Four visits, including one early and one at term
Rationale: As per MoHFW , minimum 4 visits are essential but as per WHO guidelines, minimum 13 visits are essential.
📘 Ref: Indian Maternal Health Guidelines

Correct Answer: B) High in antibodies and antioxidants
Rationale: Colostrum provides immunity and nutrition to newborns.
📘 Ref: K Park and IYCF Guidelines

Correct Answer: C) Vitamin C
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis; deficiency causes scurvy.
📘 Ref: Swaminathan – Nutrition

Correct Answer: A) Rickets and osteomalacia
Rationale: Vitamin D is vital for calcium absorption; its lack leads to bone issues.
📘 Ref: Park’s PSM, Essentials of Nutrition

Correct Answer: C) Both A) & B)
Rationale: Pulse oximeter measures the oxygen saturation (SpO2) of hemoglobin in blood and also displays the pulse rate.
Reference: Potter & Perry, Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter on Oxygenation.

Correct Answer: B) Arc of movement of joint
Rationale: ROM refers to the degree to which a joint can move in all directions, i.e., its arc of movement.
Reference: Brunner & Suddarth, Musculoskeletal Assessment.

Correct Answer: A) Face the patient and speak clearly and distinctly
Rationale: Lip reading is possible only when the nurse faces the patient; shouting distorts the message.
Reference: Potter & Perry, Communication in Nursing.

Correct Answer: B) Prevent external rotation of hip when patient is in recumbent position
Rationale: A trochanter roll is placed alongside the hip to prevent outward (external) rotation in a supine position.
Reference: Brunner & Suddarth, Positioning and Mobility.

Correct Answer: B) Extensor muscles of wrist and digits do not work
Rationale: This is usually due to radial nerve palsy, leading to paralysis of wrist extensors.
Reference: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice.

Correct Answer: D) All of these
Rationale: Bundled interventions including oral hygiene, suctioning, and early mobilization are essential.
Reference: CDC Guidelines on VAP, Brunner & Suddarth.

Correct Answer: C) Isotonic solution
Rationale: Isotonic fluids like normal saline or Ringer’s lactate are preferred to restore volume.
Reference: Brunner & Suddarth, Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance.

Correct Answer: D) Atonic uterus
Rationale: Uterine atony accounts for about 80% of PPH cases; uterus fails to contract after delivery.
Reference: Dutta’s Obstetrics, WHO PPH Guidelines.

Correct Answer: B) Stomach cells
Rationale: Stomach and intestinal epithelial cells are replaced every few days due to harsh environment.
Reference: Human Physiology by Guyton & Hall.

Correct Answer: D) 6000 ml
Rationale: TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV ≈ 6 liters in a healthy adult male.
Reference: K Sembulingam, Essentials of Medical Physiology.

Correct Answer: D) Ringer's Lactate
Rationale: Ringer's lactate is isotonic; others like D10% and 0.45% NaCl are hypertonic/hypotonic.
Reference: Brunner & Suddarth, Fluid Therapy.

Correct Answer: A) January 30, 2020
Rationale: WHO declared COVID-19 a PHEIC on Jan 30, 2020.
Reference: WHO Official Statement (2020).

Correct Answer: D) Client with neuropathology associated with diabetes
Rationale: Diabetics may have peripheral neuropathy, increasing the risk of injury.
Reference: Potter & Perry, Vital Signs Monitoring.

Correct Answer: C) 4
Rationale: Meiosis involves two divisions and results in 4 haploid cells.
Reference: Guyton & Hall, Cell Division.

Correct Answer: C) Inhibin
Rationale: Inhibin selectively inhibits FSH, secreted by granulosa cells.
Reference: K Sembulingam, Endocrinology.

Correct Answer: A) Proteins
Rationale: Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach.
Reference: K Sembulingam, Digestive Physiology.

Correct Answer: B) Connective tissue
Rationale: Includes blood, bone, adipose, making it the most abundant.
Reference: Human Anatomy & Physiology – Tortora.

Correct Answer: C) Standard of practice
Rationale: QA aims to ensure care meets established standards.
Reference: Potter & Perry, Nursing Management.

Correct Answer: A) Scapula
Rationale: It's a congenital elevation of the scapula.
Reference: Orthopaedic Nursing – Maheshwari.

Correct Answer: C) Edward Jenner
Rationale: He introduced vaccination using cowpox in 1796.
Reference: K Park, History of Public Health.

Correct Answer: A) Faeco-oral route
Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica is ingested via contaminated food/water.
Reference: K Park, Communicable Diseases.

Correct Answer: D) Cod liver oil
Rationale: Cod liver oil is the richest natural source of Vitamin D.
Reference: ICMR Dietary Guidelines.

Correct Answer: C) Niacin
Rationale: Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency causes diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia.
Reference: K Park, Nutrition.

Correct Answer: D) Rifampicin
Rationale: Rifampicin causes discoloration of body fluids including urine.
Reference: Lippincott, TB Drugs.

Correct Answer: C) Paralytic ileus
Rationale: Temporary paralysis of intestinal movement post-op.
Reference: Brunner & Suddarth, Postoperative Complications.

Correct Answer: B) Side effects
Rationale: Predictable, non-harmful effects seen at usual dosage.
Reference: Pharmacology by K.D. Tripathi.

Correct Answer: C) Helicobacter pylori
Rationale: H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa leading to ulcers.
Reference: Harrison’s Internal Medicine.

Correct Answer: B) Polyhydramnios
Rationale: Normal = ~1L; >2L = polyhydramnios.

Oligohydramnios<200Ml
Reference: Dutta’s Obstetrics.

Correct Answer: 21 days
Rationale: As per Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969.
Reference: K Park, Demography.

Correct Answer: A) One
Rationale: Monochorionic twins share a single placenta.
Reference: Dutta’s Obstetrics.

Correct Answer: A) Anabolic steroids
Rationale: These promote muscle growth and strength.
Reference: Pharmacology – KD Tripathi.

Correct Answer: C) Counter signed by doctor
Rationale: Nurse records need not be counter-signed by a doctor unless it's a legal requirement.
Reference: Potter & Perry, Documentation in Nursing.

Correct Answer: C) Immunity
Rationale: Immunity refers to body’s ability to fight infections.
Reference: K Park, Immunology.

Correct Answer: B) Erythema Infectiosum
Rationale: Caused by Parvovirus B19, common in children.
Reference: Lippincott Pediatric Nursing.

Correct Answer: B) Ampulla
Rationale: It’s the widest section, ideal for sperm-egg interaction.
Reference: Dutta’s Obstetrics.

Correct Answer: B) Joseph Lister
Rationale: Introduced carbolic acid for sterilization during surgery.
Reference: K Park, Medical History.

Correct Answer: B) October 10
Rationale: Celebrated globally to raise awareness.
Reference: WHO Mental Health Calendar.

Correct Answer: C) McRoberts’ manoeuvre
Rationale: This position helps open the pelvis to release the shoulder.
Reference: Dutta’s Obstetrics.

Correct Answer: B) 46
Rationale: 23 pairs = 46 chromosomes (diploid number).
Reference: Guyton & Hall.

Correct Answer: B) Sterility
Rationale: Mumps can cause orchitis leading to sterility.
Reference: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice.

Correct Answer: D) Any of these

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Wrong cuff size or position can cause false readings. Small cuffs overestimate BP; large cuffs underestimate it.
• B) ✔ Arm position affects BP: If below heart level → falsely high; if above → falsely low.
• C) ✔ Too much pressure on brachial artery distorts sounds and affects measurement.
• D) ✅ All options can individually cause errors — hence correct.

Reference: Potter & Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing, BP assessment technique.

Correct Answer: C) Auscultating the heart

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Radial artery → peripheral pulse, not apical.
• B) ✖ Brachial → used for infants or BP, not apical.
• C) ✅ Apical pulse is directly heard over the apex of the heart with a stethoscope.
• D) ✖ Carotid → central pulse, not apical.

Reference: Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Vital signs chapter.

Correct Answer: C) Assessment of any injury to chest

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Rhythm/pattern is part of normal assessment.
• B) ✔ Depth is observed.
• C) ❌ Injury assessment is not routine in respiration check unless trauma is involved.
• D) ✔ Effort (e.g., use of accessory muscles) is always assessed.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth’s Med-Surg Nursing, Respiratory assessment.

Correct Answer: A) Prepare the patient, collect blood unit and clarify the order with the physician prior to administration

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Best practice to clarify unclear orders and prepare.
• B) ✖ Only calling the head nurse doesn’t complete the action.
• C) ✖ Starting transfusion without clarification is unsafe.
• D) ✖ Clarifying after collecting blood may waste unit if not needed.

Reference: Clinical guidelines, Blood Transfusion Safety – WHO Nursing Manual

Correct Answer: A) Within thirty minutes

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Needed to compare pre- and post-transfusion vitals and detect reaction.
• B, C, D) ✖ Delaying vitals increases risk of missing early signs.

Reference: WHO Blood Transfusion Guidelines, also mentioned in Brunner’s nursing care.

Correct Answer: A) Before bringing blood unit to ward

Rationale:

• A) ✅ IV line should be patent before receiving the unit to avoid wastage.
• B–D) ✖ Any delay may lead to blood being unusable within safety time frame.

Reference: WHO & CDC Safe Blood Administration Protocol

Correct Answer: C) Observe the patient

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Early recognition → essential.
• B) ✔ Timely treatment (e.g., tPA) critical.
• C) ❌ Passive observation delays care.
• D) ✔ Transfer to stroke unit improves outcomes.

Reference: AHA/ASA Guidelines on Stroke, Brunner’s Stroke Management Nursing Care.

Correct Answer: C) Maintaining airway, breathing and circulation

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Wound cleaning is secondary.
• B) ✖ Fluids are important but after ABCs.
• C) ✅ ABC always first in emergencies.
• D) ✖ Meds are given post-stabilization.

Reference: Emergency Nursing Textbooks, ABC protocol; Brunner’s Burn Care.

Correct Answer: B) Use alcohol-based hand sanitiser

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Soap & water used when visibly soiled.
• B) ✅ Preferred for routine, quick sanitation.
• C) ✖ Even if not soiled, sanitising is needed.
• D) ✖ "None" is incorrect.

Reference: WHO 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene, Potter & Perry.

Correct Answer: C) Anaphylaxis

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Wrong site causes local effects, not systemic shock.
• B) ✖ Technique issues might cause tissue damage, not systemic signs.
• C) ✅ Sudden systemic symptoms suggest allergic reaction = Anaphylaxis.
• D) ✖ Heart attack unlikely immediately post-IM injection.

Reference: Potter & Perry – Drug Administration Safety; WHO Injection Safety Guidelines

Correct Answer: C) Greater than oral temperature

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Rectal is not lesser.
• B) ✖ Not equal – rectal is about 0.5°C higher.
• C) ✅ Rectal temp is more internal, so slightly higher.
• D) ✖ There is a clear relation.

Reference: Kozier & Erb’s – Vital Signs Chapter

Correct Answer: B) Sit on bed in upright position

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Lying flat worsens orthopnoea (dyspnoea when lying).
• B) ✅ Upright position allows better lung expansion.
• C) ✖ Walking is not ideal when symptomatic.
• D) ✖ Needs specific position, not "any."

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Cardiac and Respiratory Disorders

Correct Answer: B) Use of hand hygiene and aseptic technique of insertion

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Training is helpful, but not effective on its own.
• B) ✅ Hand hygiene + asepsis = proven infection control.
• C) ✖ Skin antisepsis is one step but not sufficient alone.
• D) ✖ Frequent changes may increase trauma/risk.

Reference: CDC & WHO Infection Control Guidelines

Correct Answer: D) Medication management

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Maintain airway – essential.
• B) ✔ Fluids/electrolyte management is crucial.
• C) ✔ Nutrition via Ryle's tube may be needed.
• D) ❌ Meds are secondary; airway comes first.

Reference: Potter & Perry – Care of Unconscious Patient

Correct Answer: A) Anxiety and restlessness

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Hypoxia first affects mental status – restlessness, confusion.
• B) ✖ O2 sat may drop later.
• C) ✖ Cyanosis is a late sign.
• D) ✖ Hypertension is not typical.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Respiratory Assessment

Correct Answer: C) Stop the transfusion

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Informing attendants wastes precious time.
• B) ✖ Doctor can be called later.
• C) ✅ First step is to STOP the source of reaction.
• D) ✖ Urine monitoring comes after stopping transfusion.

Reference: WHO Blood Transfusion Safety Protocols

Correct Answer: A) Preventing patient fall/injury

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Prevents accidental falls – especially in drowsy or elderly.
• B) ✖ Drip sets use poles, not side rails.
• C) ✖ Not related to hygiene directly.
• D) ✖ Used for safety, not as a restraint unless ordered.

Reference: Potter & Perry – Patient Safety Guidelines

Correct Answer: A) Administer epinephrine

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Epinephrine is lifesaving and must be administered immediately IM.
• B) ✖ Calling family delays emergency care.
• C) ✖ Causative agent comes later.
• D) ✖ Checking med chart is not the first action.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Emergency Nursing, WHO Anaphylaxis Guidelines

Correct Answer: C) Cold clammy skin

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Apnoea (absence of breathing) is a cardinal sign.
• B) ✔ Dilated, non-reactive pupils indicate brain hypoxia.
• C) ❌ Cold clammy skin is not a cardinal sign, it may occur in shock, not definitive for cardiac arrest.
• D) ✔ Absence of carotid and femoral pulse = definitive of cardiac arrest.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Cardiac Emergencies Chapter

Correct Answer: B) Circulation, Breathing, Airway

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Airway first is older guideline (ABC).
• B) ✅ New guideline is CAB — chest compressions first to maintain perfusion.
• C) ✖ Breathing before circulation delays CPR.
• D) ✖ Hydration has no role in CPR.

Reference: AHA 2020 CPR Guidelines, Potter & Perry – Emergency Nursing

Correct Answer: A) Ileostomy

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Ileostomy diverts feces from small intestine to abdominal opening.
• B) ✖ Gastroscopy is diagnostic endoscopy, not surgery.
• C) ✖ Arthroscopy is for joints.
• D) ✖ Vasectomy is male sterilization.

Reference: Kozier & Erb – Elimination and Bowel Diversion Procedures

Correct Answer: C) Both A) and B)

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Severe renal colic + no relief = urgent.
• B) ✔ Chest pain with femur fracture → suspect fat embolism.
• C) ✅ Both conditions are potentially life-threatening.
• D) ✖ Ulcerative colitis with abdominal pain is common, not urgent.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Emergency Management of Pain and Trauma

Correct Answer: B) A patient with an acute attack of severe anxiety

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Chronic schizophrenia – stable condition.
• B) ✅ Acute anxiety can escalate → panic, self-harm → priority case.
• C) ✖ Agoraphobia is phobia-related, not acute.
• D) ✖ Constipation in depression is not urgent.

Reference: Kaplan & Sadock – Psychiatric Nursing, Potter & Perry – Mental Health Nursing

Correct Answer: B) Oral medication administration

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Cardiac cath = diagnostic/procedural.
• B) ✅ Medications (nitrates, antiplatelets, statins) = primary medical therapy.
• C) ✖ CABG is surgical treatment.
• D) ✖ PTCA is interventional, not purely medical.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Cardiovascular Disorders

Correct Answer: A) Clear foreign body from airway

Rationale:

• A) ✅ Heimlich applies pressure to dislodge foreign body from trachea.
• B) ✖ Not for eyes.
• C) ✖ Not for ears.
• D) ✖ “None” is wrong – Heimlich is lifesaving.

Reference: AHA Guidelines, Potter & Perry – Emergency Procedures

Correct Answer: B) Median nerve

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Radial nerve affects wrist/thumb differently.
• B) ✅ Median nerve compression → pain/numbness in thumb/index/middle fingers.
• C) ✖ Ulnar nerve compression affects ring/little finger.
• D) ✖ Axillary nerve → deltoid area, not wrist.

Reference: Brunner & Suddarth – Neurological Assessment

Correct Answer: C) Wash the site with soap and water

Rationale:

• A) ✖ Reporting is important, but not first.
• B) ✖ Talking to seniors comes later.
• C) ✅ Immediate washing = infection prevention step.
• D) ✖ Immunization status is assessed later.

Reference: WHO & CDC – Needlestick Injury Protocol

Correct Answer: D) Stationary items

Rationale:

• A) ✔ Defibrillator = must-have.
• B) ✔ Emergency medicines – adrenaline, atropine, etc.
• C) ✔ IV access – cannulas, syringes, fluids = basic.
• D) ❌ Stationary is not essential for emergencies.

Reference: Potter & Perry – Crash Cart Setup Guidelines